ORTHODONTICS
Orthodontists specialize in tooth alignment and jaw correction. Their work consists of diagnosing and treating malocclusions or “bad bites” such as teeth crowding, gaps between the teeth, overbites and underbites. These conditions are often genetic, but they can also be caused by trauma or habits such as thumb-sucking. Through the use of corrective appliances like retainers or braces, orthodontists can prevent or treat such alignment problems. The result is teeth and jaws that function well, with a pleasing facial balance.
What are some of the common benefits of this treatment?
Feeling comfortable with your appearance is important for social and professional success. Orthodontics has helped many people build their self-confidence by restoring facial balance and the natural beauty of a smile.
Misaligned teeth also contribute to poor dental health. They can be hard to clean, which often leads to tooth decay or gum disease. They can cause chewing problems too, resulting in jaw, head and neck aches.
If you’re considering orthodontics, the following information will provide you with a good introduction to some of the most common procedures. For more detailed information about how these procedures may help you, we recommend that you consult a member the American Association of Orthodontists.
How are the treatments performed?
During the initial consultation, you’ll be able to talk with your dentist about the changes you would like to make in your appearance. He will explain the different options available to you, the procedure itself, and its risks and limitations. The doctor will also discuss cost and provide estimates, since fees vary according to the length and difficulty of the case.
Your doctor will begin with a complete medical history and examine your mouth and jaw. He may also take photos and give you specific instructions on how to prepare for the procedure. Often, plaster molds of the mouth are taken, and your doctor may order several types of x-rays.
Take this opportunity to ask all questions you have about the procedure. Also ask for, and follow up on, patient references. Learning everything you can about your options, risks and benefits is the key to making an informed decision.
Orthodontic treatments are tailored to your specific problem, age and growth rate. The following is an overview of the most common types of appliances and procedures:
- Braces - Braces are sets of brackets and wires that apply pressure to the teeth, guiding them into the correct position. The brackets are bonded to the teeth, and wires run through the brackets from tooth to tooth. Braces are often used to straighten crooked teeth and align the top and bottom rows of teeth. They are made in a variety of materials, including metal and ceramics, and come in a variety of colors. “Invisible” braces are attached t the inside of the teeth, but they are more expensive and harder to adjust than traditional braces and may cause difficulty speaking.
- Retainers - Retainers are removable or fixed appliances usually made of acrylic, metal or a combination of both. “Tooth positioners” are a type of rubber retainer that resembles a mouth guard. Retainers are worn after braces are removed to keep teeth and jaws in place until they are accustomed to their new positions.
- Bite Plans - Also called dental splints, bite planes are acrylic and wire appliances used to correct problems such as a deep overbite, a condition in which the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower front teeth. Bite planes are removable for cleaning but should be worn consistently for best results.
- Functional Appliances - Functional appliances are used to adjust the position of the teeth and jaws. For instance, if the lower jaw is growing more slowly than the upper jaw, a functional appliance can help adjust the balance between the two. Made of plastic and wires, these appliances are removable for cleaning but should be worn continuously, Until the wearer becomes accustomed to it, this device can create excess saliva and difficulty speaking normally.
- Headgear - Headgear refers to a system of straps around the head or neck that is attached to braces. It is used to speed the straightening of teeth and to guide the direction of their movement. Neck strap headgear keeps the upper jaw from growing or pulls the upper teeth back. High-pull headgear aligns the upper and lower rows of teeth by pulling the upper jaw and teeth up and back. The lower jaw grows forward during this time and “catches up”. Combination headgear uses both the neck and high-pull types.
- Dentofacial Orthopedics - Dentofacial orthopedics refers to fixed or removable devices worn by growing children to balance the size of the upper and lower jaw helping the teeth to fit together properly. These appliances guide jaw growth so when the child’s permanent teeth grown in, they will be in the correct position.